The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has predicted a normal monsoon for 2023, estimating rainfall at 96% of the long-term average. Despite this, the IMD also cautions that El Niño conditions are likely to emerge during the monsoon season. In a recent update, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has similarly noted an increasing likelihood of El … Continue reading El Niño and La Niña: Unraveling the Ocean-Climate Connection and Its Impact on Rural India